Though many people think that all of the migrants who came to California journeyed over land, but in fact, many many migrants came by sea. Migrants from China came by boat, and many from the East Coast of the United States came by boat around Cape Horn or through Panama. This 1849 map shows these routes and highlights the gold region of California.
"Map of the Gold Regions of California. Showing the Routes via Chagres and Panama, Cape Horn, &c.," (New-York: Ensign and Thayer, 1849). Available at the California Historical Society [http://www.library.ca.gov/goldrush/sec02.html].